"Renaissance Science and the Problem of Overpopulation" examines how the scientific advancements of the Renaissance period contributed to shaping our understanding of population dynamics and resource management. During this transformative era, thinkers and scientists began to explore the implications of human population growth through the lens of new discoveries in biology, astronomy, and mathematics. Renaissance scholars like Giovanni Botero and others started to recognize the potential challenges posed by overpopulation, such as resource depletion and social strain. Their observations laid early groundwork for modern demographic studies and theories about sustainable development. By integrating scientific inquiry with practical concerns, Renaissance science provided a foundational perspective on how population growth interacts with environmental and societal factors, setting the stage for contemporary discussions on managing overpopulation and ensuring sustainable progress.